[1] Select from Analects of Confucius, BookⅠ, Chapter 6. It was taught by Confucius, Mencius, and other Chinese saints and sages of the ancient past.
 
[2]“Xiao” and “Ti” have been the very foundation of Chinese culture for five thousand years. Xiao “孝” means to be dutiful to one’s parents with affection, and to understand the basic relationship of grandparents, parents and self. In ideogram form, xiao has two components- the top part of xiao is the top portion of the word elder “老” and the bottom part is the word son “子.” Combined, it implies that the older generation and the younger generation are one: that there should be no gap between them. In Buddhism, the meaning is further extended. Outside the family, the child should treat every male and female of the parents’ generation as if they were the child’s own father and mother. Ti “悌” means sincere fraternal love. Here it is used more as the principle and standard of conduct of the younger brother towards his older brother when the younger brother is away from home. In Buddhism, its meaning also extends further to include conduct towards all older persons of any one generation.
 
[3] ”To believe in the teachings of the ancient saints and sages” means to actually practice and put the teachings of the ancient saints and sages into effect.
 
[4] For example, in Buddhism, it is considered breaking the precept of not stealing if you borrow a piece of paper or take someone’s pen without permission. It is considered breaking the precept of not killing if you kill an ant or mosquito. If you lie or talk about someone behind his back, you have broken the precept of not lying, etc.
 
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